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The IP rating classifies the degrees of protection provided against the intrusion of solid objects (including body parts like hands and fingers), dust, accidental contact, and water in electrical enclosures. The standard aims to provide users more detailed information than vague marketing terms such as waterproof.
The 1st digit indicates the level of protection that the enclosure provides against access to hazardous parts (e.g., electrical conductors, moving parts) and the ingress of solid foreign objects.
| Level |
Object Size
Proteced Against |
Effective Against |
| 0 |
— |
No protection against contact and ingress of objects |
| 1 |
less than 50 mm |
Any large surface of the body, such as the back of a hand, but no protection against deliberate contact with a body part |
| 2 |
less than 12.5 mm |
Fingers or similar objects |
| 3 |
less than 2.5 mm |
Tools, thick wires, etc. |
| 4 |
less than 1 mm |
Most wires, screws, etc. |
| 5 |
dust protected |
Ingress of dust is not entirely prevented, but it must not enter in sufficient quantity to interfere with the satisfactory operation of the equipment; complete protection against contact |
| 6 |
dust tight |
No ingress of dust; complete protection against contact |
The 2nd digit shows the protection of the equipment inside the enclosure against harmful ingress of water.
| Level |
Proteced Against |
Details |
| 0 |
not protected |
No protection |
| 1 |
dripping water |
Dripping water (vertically falling drops) shall have no harmful effect. |
| 2 |
dripping water when tilted up to 15° |
Vertically dripping water shall have no harmful effect when the enclosure is tilted at an angle up to 15° from its normal position. |
| 3 |
spraying water |
Water falling as a spray at any angle up to 60° from the vertical shall have no harmful effect. |
| 4 |
splashing water |
Water splashing against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effect. |
| 5 |
water jets |
Water projected by a nozzle against enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. |
| 6 |
powerful water jets |
Water projected in powerful jets against the enclosure from any direction shall have no harmful effects. |
| 7 |
immersion up to 1 m |
Ingress of water in harmful quantity shall not be possible when the enclosure is immersed in water under defined conditions of pressure and time (up to 1 m of submersion). |
| 8 |
immersion beyond 1 m |
The equipment is suitable for continuous immersion in water under conditions which shall be specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE: Normally, this will mean that the equipment is hermetically sealed. However, with certain types of equipment, it can mean that water can enter but only in such a manner that produces no harmful effects. |
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