GPS is so embedded in modern defense operations, commercial shipping, and aviation that it often fades into the background. It is assumed to be constant, accurate, and available, but GPS is not always guaranteed. It can be denied, degraded, jammed, or spoofed, and when that happens, the consequences are rarely limited to navigation problems; the expense can also be paramount.

Globally, over the last few years, there has been an alarming rise in deliberate GPS jamming and spoofing incidents. In 2024, over 1,000 commercial flights a day were affected by GPS spoofing, and in the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, reports of jamming and spoofing incidents in 2025 increased by 127% in a three-month period.

In August 2025, the aircraft carrying European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen experienced GPS jamming over Bulgaria and required backup navigation to land safely. Subsequently, a joint statement from the International Maritime Organization (IMO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) warned about harmful interference, including jamming and spoofing, and called for action by Member States to strengthen the resilience of navigation, positioning, and timing systems.

As GNSS and GPS jamming and spoofing become more prevalent, organizations are increasingly operating blind and exposed to cascading costs relating to service disruption, safety hazards, regulatory non-compliance and reputational damage. This has accelerated the case for Assured Positioning, Navigation and Timing (A-PNT), a resilient, layered approach to sustaining trusted timing and positioning when GPS is disrupted. A-PNT can combine multiple independent sources and techniques (satellite, terrestrial, and onboard) to preserve continuity and confidence. Without A-PNT, organizations don’t just lose a signal, they lose confidence, and when confidence disappears, operations slow, costs increase, schedules unravel, and risk rises.

This blog examines the impact of GPS denial, its associated financial implications, and why A-PNT is increasingly viewed as an essential tool for military and defense users, merchant fleets, and aviators who need to maintain safe and predictable movements even when GPS is unavailable.

Uncertainty is a Cost Center

The business case for A-PNT becomes clear when you treat GPS denial as a cost center. Every minute spent slowing down, verifying, rerouting, holding, or diverting is money. Every missed slot, aborted mission, or extended transit is money. Every safety incident, near miss, or compliance failure can be catastrophic in terms of money. If a military unit has to slow or hold position while verifying navigation integrity, it may be exposed longer than planned.

If a merchant ship loses reliable position awareness, it may reroute unnecessarily, increasing transit time and risk. If an unmanned system can’t maintain navigation confidence, it may be pulled from the mission entirely. Every one of these outcomes has a financial expression, whether that’s wasted flight hours, increased maintenance burden, higher fuel usage, or the opportunity cost of assets not being where they need to be. A-PNT reduces these losses by keeping operations predictable under pressure.

Impact of GNSS Degradation in Unmanned Operations

For unmanned operators, GNSS loss or manipulation can translate into constraints and costs within minutes, because GNSS often underpins not just navigation, but also autonomy behaviors (e.g., route keeping, loiter/hold, return to home logic), geofencing and time synchronised data capture. As interference has risen in multiple regions, aviation and maritime safety bodies have issued increasingly prominent warnings about GNSS jamming/spoofing and the need to plan for disrupted environments.

When GNSS is degraded or unavailable, unmanned systems typically shift into more conservative modes: tighter operating areas, lower speeds, increased standoff distances, more manual oversight, or mission aborts. In UAV operations, especially BVLOS and infrastructure / corridor missions, GNSS degradation can also force a reversion to non-GNSS navigation sources (inertial, vision, map matching, etc.) and raise integrity management requirements, because the problem isn’t only position error, it’s whether the system can trust its own PNT well enough to continue safely.

The cost stack for unmanned operations then shows up as lost mission time, rescheduling and re-flight costs, additional personnel oversight, payload / data re-collection, and, at the sharp end, asset loss or third party risk if interference causes navigation faults. In maritime-adjacent unmanned work (USVs and vessels supporting unmanned operations), the same GNSS interference trend is being treated as a growing safety risk, with advisories urging operators to anticipate disruption, report incidents, and implement mitigations.

In time sensitive logistics and security contexts, the margin for error tightens further. Small GNSS-driven slips can break delivery windows, compromise chain of custody or data integrity, and degrade service-level commitments, while in defence and critical infrastructure missions, GNSS degradation becomes a mission assurance and deconfliction risk in contested or degraded environments. That’s why the case for layered A-PNT resilience is strengthening across unmanned platforms: not as a single replacement signal, but as an architecture that preserves confidence through diversity, detection, and graceful degradation.

The Price of Losing Trusted Positioning at Sea

For shipping and merchant fleets, predictable timing is often as valuable as speed. But the most damaging failure mode isn’t always GPS disappears; it’s when crews can’t trust position, course, or time because GNSS is being jammed or spoofed. Industry and security advisories have highlighted corroborated reports of GPS interference affecting vessels in key waterways, including the Strait of Hormuz, and recommend mitigations for navigation planning.

War risk insurance is also relevant here, because the same contested corridors where kinetic threats rise are often the places where electronic warfare (including GNSS interference) becomes part of the operating picture. In the London market, the Joint War Committee (JWC) publishes Listed Areas of perceived enhanced risk, which can trigger additional premium requirements depending on cover and voyage. In periods of heightened Red Sea risk, reported additional war risk pricing rose sharply, moving from low fractions of hull value to figures around the 0.5%-0.7% range by late 2023, with some quotes reported as high as ~1% in peak conditions. For a high-value vessel, that translates into hundreds of thousands to over a million dollars for a single transit before knock on costs are counted.

That’s why A-PNT isn’t just a technical upgrade; it’s a mission/operations enabler. The goal is to retain a trusted position and timing solution even when GNSS is denied, jammed, or spoofed, so crews and operators can keep moving safely with managed risk, rather than defaulting to delay, disruption, or avoidable exposure when the RF environment turns hostile.

Reputation Cost

There’s also a reputational dimension that doesn’t often present itself as a cost center for the cost of GPS denial. Defense organizations are measured by readiness and reliability, commercial fleets are measured by service performance and operational professionalism, and aviation operators are measured by safety and predictability. When GPS denial causes repeated disruptions, customers, partners, and leadership can begin to ask harder questions. The organizations that can demonstrate resilience; the ones that can say “GPS went down and we continued safely and predictably”, are the ones that win trust and contracts.

Resilience Through an Alternative Satellite Network

Iridium PNT delivers a key advantage in degraded GPS environments, chiefly due to signal strength at the receiver. Because the Iridium constellation operates in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) – roughly 25× closer than GNSS satellites in Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) – its downlink can be received at ground level at around 1,000 times (≈30 dB) stronger than traditional GNSS signals.

That higher received power materially improves resilience in the real world: it raises the bar for interference, supports operation in more obstructed environments, and helps sustain trusted timing and position when GNSS is being jammed or manipulated. It complements GPS / GNSS as part of a layered A-PNT approach, restoring operational confidence by providing an independent, authenticated PNT path when GNSS integrity can’t be assumed.

For organizations that require positioning, navigation and timing solutions that can be deployed quickly, the RockBLOCK APNT and RockFLEET Assured devices provide a path to delivering a resilient solution by encapsulating Iridium PNT, without redesigning an entire platform. The devices are built around the reality that fleets and squadrons don’t have the luxury of multi-year integration timelines when the threat – and cost – of GPS jamming, spoofing and denial is already here.

Protecting Time, Revenue, and Reputation

Organizations often underestimate the financial impact of GPS denial because it is rarely captured as a single line item or cost center. Instead, it appears as scattered costs that add up rapidly: additional fuel consumption, extra days at sea, schedule recovery actions, personnel overtime, unplanned port charges, and operational inefficiencies that ripple through multiple departments.

A-PNT is the difference between navigating uncertainty and being governed by it. It reduces the financial impact of delays caused by GPS denial, protects schedules from such cascading disruption, and strengthens safety margins in environments where navigation integrity cannot be assumed.

RockBLOCK APNT and RockFLEET Assured are rugged, reliable, and deployable A-PNT solutions that support continuity of operations by enabling resilient PNT in the field and at sea. For commercial shipping operators, this means more stable ETAs, reduced exposure to costly port and network disruptions and lower AWRPs. For defense operators, it means maintaining tempo, reducing mission risk, and preserving synchronization across assets and units. For drone operators, it means improved navigation integrity in degraded environments and fewer operational compromises when GPS is unreliable. RockBLOCK APNT and RockFLEET Assured exist for the moments when GPS goes dark and the mission, schedule, or flight still has to continue.

The War Risk Insurance Market is Under Pressure

War risk insurance premiums have skyrocketed in the past two years, reflecting heightened threats in key shipping corridors and merchant vessels navigating unpredictable geopolitical environments.

These premiums, known as Additional War Risk Premiums (AWRPs), are applied on top of normal insurance cover whenever a vessel enters a high risk “Listed Area” defined by the London insurance market’s Joint War Committee (JWC). These surcharges can represent hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of dollars per voyage, dramatically increasing operational costs for carriers.

One example is the Red Sea crisis caused by Houthi attacks in late 2023 and 2024. During this period, war risk premiums for a typical seven day transit of the Red Sea and Bab al-Mandab Strait surged from a nominal 0.05 percent to between 0.4 and 1.0 percent of the vessel’s hull and machinery value.

For a new high value container ship valued at approximately $150 million, this translates into an additional cost of roughly $665,000 per transit. Similarly, a Large Range 2 tanker valued at $105 million faces surcharges of around $420,000, while Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) with insured values near $100 million could see premiums reach $1-2 million for a single high risk seven day transit. These extreme costs, combined with the actual risks of attack, forced major carriers such as Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd to reroute around the Cape of Good Hope, adding 10 to 14 days to their journey and significant fuel costs.

The Black Sea, affected by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, represents another hotspot where war risk insurance costs have surged. The conflict has had significant impact on the grain export corridor. After Russian strikes on foreign vessels, war risk premiums reportedly increased by approximately $125,000 per voyage for a $50 million vessel. In response, insurers collaborated with the United Nations to create specialized grain corridor insurance solutions, enabling essential exports to continue despite elevated risk.

While exact invoices remain private, publicly available market data shows that transiting a war risk area can add a substantial percentage of a vessel’s value to the cost of a short transit. Insurers desperately need reliable, tamper-proof positional data to assess risk, and ships need better protection from spoofing and GNSS interference. That’s where Iridium PNT becomes invaluable.

Why Merchant Shipping Needs A-PNT

The modern maritime industry operates under increasing levels of risk and uncertainty. War risk premiums are fluctuating dramatically, GNSS vulnerabilities are increasing, and traditional tracking solutions leave critical blind spots. In a world where a single transit can cost $500k to $2 million in extra insurance, any technology that enhances trust and reduces risk has immediate economic value.

For shipowners, A-PNT is more than a navigation enhancement. The technology is a financial and operational safeguard, enabling vessels to demonstrate the integrity of their movements and providing insurers with verifiable data that can reduce positional uncertainty. This can translate directly into lower war risk premiums as carriers can prove their routes and positions without ambiguity. By offering immutable, timestamped movement logs that are resistant to spoofing or tampering, A-PNT enables maritime insurers to price risk with confidence and operators avoid unnecessary disputes.

Beyond insurance savings, A-PNT also enhances safety and operational resilience. In high-threat areas, accurate, verified location and timing information is essential for navigation, route optimization, and compliance with safety regulations. Fleet operations centers can maintain situational awareness, even under GNSS interference, while captains receive reliable guidance via A-PNT to avoid hazards or restricted zones. The combination of operational safety and financial prudence positions A-PNT as an essential tool for modern merchant shipping. Ultimately, if ships can prove their track, timing, and location with high integrity – independently of GNSS spoofing and jamming – insurers can price risk with confidence.

Bringing Iridium PNT to the Bridge with RockFLEET Assured

Reliable Navigation for Insurers and Shipowners

With millions at stake in AWRPs alone, Iridium PNT provides a new level of assurance for both insurers and vessel operators. For insurers, the technology reduces exposure to spoofing, improves positioning reliability, and enables more accurate data driven risk pricing. For shipowners and operators, APNT can lower war risk premiums, improve compliance, enhance safety, and ensure operational continuity in high-risk zones.

As the geopolitical risks continue to grow and GNSS vulnerabilities become more frequent, A-PNT is emerging not only as a navigation tool but as a business-critical tracking asset. It allows maritime stakeholders to operate with confidence, knowing that the positional data underpinning insurance decisions, operational planning, and safety compliance is reliable.

In this context, Iridium PNT and RockFLEET Assured represent a transformative solution, providing trusted, validated, and resilient positioning, navigation and timing data that benefits insurers, shipowners, and the broader shipping ecosystem. For stakeholders aiming to reduce financial exposure, enhance safety, and navigate conflict zones with confidence, RockBLOCK APNT is a reliable solution. By enabling a verifiable “source of truth” for vessel positioning, RockFLEET Assured enables more accurate, reliable and cost-effective maritime war risk insurance assessment for modern maritime operations.